En 12004 download free

These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision.

For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies including amendments. Ceramic floor and wall tiles Definitions, classification and marking. Adhesives for tiles Determination of slip. Adhesives for tiles Determination of shear adhesion strength of dispersion adhesives.

Adhesives for tiles Determination of open time. Adhesives for tiles Determination of wetting capability. Adhesives for tiles Determination of tensile adhesion strength of cementitious adhesives. The tiles are then fixed before a film forms on the surface of the adhesive. Page 7 EN 3. In this case the notation BT is used, see Figure A. The test should preferably be repeated.

The normal setting cementitious adhesives shall comply with the characteristics reported in Table 1a, while the fast setting cementitious adhesives shall comply with Table 1b. Tables 1c, 1d and 1e report the optional characteristics that can be required for special service conditions. For the characteristics of wetting capability measured in accordance with EN and transverse deformation measured in accordance with EN there are no limit values, but it is left to the producer to declare the values to provide further information.

High tensile adhesion strength after water immersion High tensile adhesion strength after heat ageing. All the dispersion adhesives shall comply with the characteristics reported in Table 2a. Tables 2b, 2c and 2d report the optional characteristics that can be required for special service conditions. Initial shear adhesion strength Shear adhesion strength after heat ageing Open time: tensile adhesion strength. All the reaction resin adhesives for tiles shall comply with the characteristics reported in Table 3a.

Tables 3b and 3c report the optional characteristics that can be required for special service conditions. Regarding the characteristic of chemical resistance see EN there is no indication of limit value or chemical agent.

The test media shall consist of the media to which the chemical resistant materials are to be exposed in service and the test conditions temperature, concentration, etc. Initial shear adhesion strength Shear adhesion strength after water immersion Open time: tensile adhesion strength.

The scheme for the evaluation of conformity includes the following tasks: initial tests; factory production control FPC ; registration and traceability.

When the test specimen has to be conditioned following the test method, the tolerance in the time of conditioning for all test specimens shall be as follows: Conditioning 24 h 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days 5.

On first evaluation of a product to the requirements of this standard, or before the beginning of sale of a new product, appropriate initial type testing shall be carried out to confirm that the characteristics of the product meet the requirements of this standard. Tests which have previously been performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard same product, same characteristic, test method, sampling procedure, etc.

Initial type tests shall also be carried out on existing products after any change in raw materials or manufacturing procedures that can modify the declared values of the characteristics or application properties. In these cases the appropriate initial type testing to be carried out are those for the characteristics and properties that can be affected and need confirmation; any new property or properties arising from a change of formulation or manufacturing procedure shall be tested and the results reported.

The initial type testing shall be performed as listed in Table 4. The results of initial type testing shall be recorded and be available for inspection.

A factory production control FPC plan shall be established and documented in a manual. Any change in raw materials, manufacturing procedures or control plan that can affect the properties of the product shall be recorded.

The manual shall include the FPC procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the initial tests. The FPC procedures shall consist of a system for the production quality control to ensure that the product conforms with this standard. The production control shall consist of the following main phases: A. Inspection and testing of raw materials; B. Inspection and testing of production equipment and process; C. Inspection and testing on finished products. The manufacturer shall identify and define the plant and production processes and ensure that the processes are carried out under controlled conditions clearly described in procedures.

The processes are verified by means of inspections and testing documented in a plan, as frequency and values or criteria required, both on equipment and on operations in the process. The action to be taken when control values or criteria are not obtained shall be given. The number and size of the samples, the frequency of sampling, the tests performed and the results obtained, shall be recorded.

The tests shall be performed at least with the frequency described in Table 5. These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties. Open time Slip Initial tensile adhesion cementitious adhesives Early tensile adhesion fast setting cementitious adhesives Initial shear adhesion dispersion adhesives Initial shear adhesion reaction resin adhesives Tensile adhesion after conditioning cementitious adhesives Shear adhesion after conditioning dispersion adhesives Shear adhesion after conditioning reaction resin adhesives Transverse deformation Chemical resistance Wetting capability NOTE y means yes y means yes, if relevant for the product.

Frequency of test Monthly At six month interval y y y y y y y. NOTE Alternative tests: when alternative tests to reference tests are used, the test methods with the demonstration of correlation of the results obtained with both tests, will be recorded, maintained and be made available on request from a relevant party. All the measuring instruments used for production or testing shall be identified, calibrated and kept in good order, in accordance with documented procedures and instructions.

The manufacturer shall establish an appropriate plan detailing the procedures and frequency of these checks and shall maintain the registrations. Test equipment shall be calibrated to traceable standards. The records of inspections and testing shall be collected, stored and retained in a way to prevent damage, deterioration or loss. These records shall be maintained for 5 years and shall be made available on request from a relevant party. Where and when possible and applicable, the results of inspections and testing shall be interpreted by means of statistical techniques, by attributes or by variables, to verify the product characteristics and to determine if the production conforms with the compliance criteria and the product conforms with the declared values.

Where appropriate, the manufacturer shall establish and maintain in the FPC manual suitable procedures for the identification and traceability of materials from receipt of raw materials and during all stages of production and delivery.

The management activities to ensure that all of the above requirements operate shall be described in the manual. The manufacturer shall ensure that all personnel involved in the process receive the appropriate training to perform their duties.

Where appropriate, all educational and training activities shall be recorded to prove the personnel qualification. The job description and the responsibilities of the operatives shall be given in the FPC manual. Tile adhesives are defined in three types, according with the definitions reported in 3.

C Cementitious adhesive. D Dispersion adhesive. R Reaction resin adhesive. For each type it is possible to have different classes, related to the different optional characteristics, according to Tables 1, 2 and 3. These classes are designated with the following abbreviations: 1 2 F T E. The designation of the adhesive is done with the symbol of the type C, D or R , followed by the abbreviation of the class or classes it belongs to.

The following table describes the designation of tile adhesives. The nonconforming material may be reworked to meet the specifications, reclassified under a concessionary system or rejected and discarded, with a corrective action described and recorded in a nonconformity report. NOTE Additional designations can be inserted according to the combination of the different symbols of the characteristics.

Marking and labelling. Products complying with the requirements of this European Standard shall be clearly marked with the following information.

Name of the product. Manufacturers mark and place of origin. Date or code of production, shelf life and conditions of storage. Number of this EN and date of issue. Type of adhesive according to 6 using symbols reported in 6. Instructions for use: - mix proportions where applicable ; - maturing time where applicable ; - pot life; - mode of application; - open time; - delay for grouting and for opening to traffic where applicable ; - field of application internal or external tile installation, on wall or floor, etc.

NOTE In the designation of an adhesive, information about special properties may be included when the product is intended for use in specific applications. This does not remove the requirement that all manufacturers claiming compliance with this standard shall state declared values for the properties of their products, when required.

Adhesives for other finishes of flooring and walls like rubber, plastic, textiles tiles or sheets are excluded. Compliance with these clauses confers a presumption of fitness of the construction product covered by this European Standard for its intended use s. NOTE In addition to any specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this European Standard, there may be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope e.

In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply. Adhesives for tiles in form of see Clause 3. Table ZA. EN , p. The evaluation of conformity of the adhesives for tiles, covered by this standard, in respect of the characteristics identified in Table ZA.

Page 19 EN ZA. CE marking for construction adhesives shall be accompanied by the information shown below:. Page 20 EN In addition to any specific information relating to dangerous substances shown above, the product should also be accompanied, when and where required and in the appropriate form, by documentation listing any other legislation on dangerous substances for which compliance is claimed, together with any information required by that legislation.

NOTE European legislation without national derogations need not be mentioned. When compliance with this Annex is achieved, the manufacturer or his agent established in the EEA shall prepare and retain a declaration of conformity EC Declaration of conformity , which authorizes the affixing of the CE marking. This declaration shall include:. The above mentioned declaration shall be presented in the official language or languages of the Member State in which the product is to be used.

Quality systems Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing ISO The BS tests for excessive strain development and mould growth are not included in EN In EN the minimum adhesion values are higher after both wet and dry storage conditions during the test procedure, whereas BS allowed a reduction in the minimum adhesion after wetting. In EN the adhesives are classified into three types in accordance with Clause These adhesive types are further classified into two classes, those that meet the fundamental requirements and those that have optional either additional or special characteristics.

Examples are listed in Clause 6 and Table 6. For example, dense and heavy ceramic wall tiles of low porosity will normally require the use of improved adhesives with reduced slip, e. Compliance with these clauses confers a presumption of fitness of the ceramic tile adhesive covered by this European Standard for its intended use s , in accordance with the European Commission mandate for this type of product, M, Construction adhesives. The significance of this marking is that the manufacturer claims compliance with the harmonized requirements, but not necessarily with all of the requirements, of the normative text of the standard.

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The slip resistance decreases with water demand, which can be explained by the lower structural viscosity of the liquid mortar. The structural viscosity is a measure of how much the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate.

As a measure of the structural viscosity, the difference of the logarithm of the viscosity determined at 0. With the exception of the results after hot aging, the tensile adhesion results are comparable. Reducing the degree of modification appears to have a positive effect on the tensile adhesion after heat aging.

The tensile adhesion after heat aging represents in many cases the most critical obstacle to fulfilling EN The slip resistance and the water demand are negatively influenced by a lower degree of modification. One way out of this dilemma would be an additive that increases the water demand and slip resistance, without having a negative impact on tensile adhesion, especially after hot aging.

Even more important is the fact that the tensile adhesion does not deteriorate by the addition of these types of additives. It was found that other, non water-soluble thickeners increase the consistency of cement-based tile adhesives, without negative consequence on the tensile adhesion.

Sheet-silicates and cellulose fibres are such products. Results: Table 4 clearly demonstrates that it is possible to increase the water demand of a tile adhesive for- 8 Components Steidle sand Formulation 11 Formulation 12 Formulation 13 60 60 60 Wt. Attapulgites, such as Minugel increase the consistency, but they have a negative influence on tensile adhesion properties.

In particular, Components 9 the open time and the adhesion after the heat aging deteriorate. Pangel S9, a sepiolite has proven to be most effective.

The thickening effect is twice as efficient as hectorite or bentonite. In practice this means that only half the dosage level is required to reach the same viscosity. The tensile adhesion is not influenced and remains high. These additives substantially increase the tensile adhesion and improve the flexibility of the adhesive link between the tile and the substrate. This feature is very important especially with difficult substrates like wood, old tiles and when floors are equipped with floor heating.

Redispersible polymer powders also play a key role in tile adhesives meeting EN The figure below illustrates the effect of two different polymer powders on the tensile adhesion properties of a tile adhesive. As demonstrated in the previous simple formulation, here too in Figure 2 an increase in the polymer powder addition level shows a clear improvement in the standard tensile adhesion, as well as in the tensile adhesion after heat aging.

Apparently, the addition level of polymer powder has no influence on the tensile adhesion after water immersion. Figure 3 shows the results of deformation measurements of cured adhesive strips according to EN It is remarkable to see that the maximum transversal deformation more than doubles with the DLP 2. This explains the relatively low tensile adhesion values obtained.

However, the influence an increased powder level has on the properties in other formulations, can be estimated accordingly. Without addition of polymer powders the tensile adhesion after heat aging has almost completely collapsed.

The standard tensile adhesion, as well as the tensile adhesion after heat aging, improves when the level of polymer powder is increased. This effect is more pronounced with DLP The choice of the optimum polymer powder is important to the overall performance of the tile adhesive such as open time, standard tensile adhesion, tensile adhesion after specified aging procedures, and rheological properties. Depending on the property profile desired, which also depends on the other components of the formulation e.

The tensile adhesion after 30 min open time is lower compared with other polymers. However the tensile strength after water immersion is lower 0.

The tensile strength of DLP is somewhat lower after heat aging compared to the Std. After the water immersion, however, it is clearly better 0. The medium hard DLP shows a very balanced performance between standard tensile adhesion, open time and adhesion after heat aging and water immersion. It outperforms all other polymers tested in most of the properties. Proceeding step by step Concrete slabs and tiles The test results obtained do not only depend on the composition of the tile adhesive, but also on the quality of the substrate, namely the concrete slabs and the tiles onto which the adhesive is applied.

The quality of the concrete slabs depends on various parameters like the nature of the surface, the absorption behaviour and the thermal expansion coefficient. For practical and economical reasons, commercially available concrete slabs are used for testing. Slabs fulfilling EN requirements are not available at reasonable cost. For the study, we had two qualities of concrete slab at our disposal. Neither of the slabs fulfills the EN EN specifies water absorption limits of 0.

Slab A absorbs substantially more water, whereas slab B absorbs practically no water. This behaviour has serious consequences for the tensile adhesion results obtained, as the following table demonstrates.

Only the values obtained after the water immersion remain independent of water absorption. The largest difference in the results obtained with the two different slabs was in tensile adhesion strength after heat aging, where values varied by a factor of two to eight. Hence a correlation between water absorption and tensile adhesion strength could be established. The difference in the results obtained after 10 and 30 minutes open time can be explained by the lack of water retention.

The adhesive applied onto the more absorbent concrete slab dries out more until the tile is inserted. The differences obtained after heat aging are difficult to estimate and are therefore the subject of further investigation.

In all our studies we used concrete slab type A. Even though it does not meet the EN requirements, the slab yielded reproducible results. Components Form 34 Form 35 40 Form 37 40 40 40 40 60 60 60 0.

In the following table the influence of fully vitrified tiles and porous tiles from two different tile producers , on the tensile adhesion, is demonstrated. The data show the influence of different tile types on the adhesion performance using two different tile adhesive formulations.

A rather simple tile adhesive formulation Form 36 CEM None of these formulations contain polymer powder. The tensile adhesion obtained with the porous tile was 0. Tensile adhesion using the second formulation was totally lost. The fully vitrified German tile EN , showed only marginally better performance after the heat aging. However, the open time and the tensile adhesion after water immersion with this tile were similar to the results of the porous tile and clearly better than the results obtained with the fully vitrified French tile.

This demonstrates that different adhesion performance results can be obtained with different tiles, meeting the same norm EN Why such differences arise may depend, for instance, on the porosity, surface nature, or on the thermal behaviour. In order to keep conditions constant we only used the French fully vitrified tiles for all our studies according to EN With the help of a computer aided experimental design software program JMP the influence of the following parameters were investigated: nominal viscosity of the cellulose ether, degree of modification as well as addition level of cellulose ether and polymer powder.

Results:The results from this evaluation allow the following conclusions, which could be specific to the raw materials used Steidle sand, CEM I